Enum: PloidyEnum

The ploidy state of an organism's genome, drawn from the ploidy classes of the Phenotypic Quality Ontology (PATO).

URI: https://w3id.org/nmdc/nmdc-schema-flattened/PloidyEnum

Permissible Values

Value	Meaning	Description
haploid	PATO:0001375	A single set of homologous chromosomes
diploid	PATO:0001394	Two homologous sets of chromosomes
triploid	PATO:0001381	Three homologous sets of chromosomes
tetraploid	PATO:0001382	Four homologous sets of chromosomes
pentaploid	PATO:0001383	Five homologous sets of chromosomes
hexaploid	PATO:0001384	Six homologous sets of chromosomes
polyploid	PATO:0001377	More than two homologous sets of chromosomes; use a more specific value when ...
allopolyploidy	PATO:0001379	Polyploid whose chromosome sets derive from two or more different species
autopolyploid	PATO:0001378	Polyploid whose chromosome sets derive from a single species
aneuploid	PATO:0001385	A chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid set (extra o...

Slots

Name	Description
ploidy	The ploidy level of the genome (e

Notes

• How this enum was built: each value is a PATO ploidy (PATO:0001374) subclass observed in the GOLD field dw_sample_taxonomy_info.ploidy_comments (queried 2026-04-29), or added to complete the series, with GOLD literal forms as structured aliases. Alias source URLs cite the public GOLD portal because that field is access-restricted. This is the range of the ploidy slot, narrowing MIxS ploidy (MIXS:0000021) from free text.
• PATO term requests needed before these can become permissible values: octoploid (eight homologous sets; PATO's polyploidy ladder stops at hexaploid) and the allopolyploidy subtypes allotetraploid, allohexaploid, and segmental allotetraploid. All were observed in GOLD and are recorded here as narrow synonyms of polyploid / allopolyploidy until PATO classes exist. Tracked in https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/605.
• Deliberately out of scope: dikaryon / dikaryotic / polykaryotic describe the number of nuclei per cell (a fungal life-cycle state), not chromosome-set ploidy, and have no PATO ploidy class; if needed they belong in a separate slot. Cytogenetic counts (e.g. 2n=38), bare integers, hedged phrases (e.g. "Likely haploid"), and free-text identifiers seen in the source field are left to this optional slot being unset rather than forced into a value.

Identifier and Mapping Information

Schema Source

• from schema: https://w3id.org/nmdc/nmdc-schema-flattened

LinkML Source

name: PloidyEnum
description: The ploidy state of an organism's genome, drawn from the ploidy classes
  of the Phenotypic Quality Ontology (PATO).
notes:
- 'How this enum was built: each value is a PATO ploidy (PATO:0001374) subclass observed
  in the GOLD field dw_sample_taxonomy_info.ploidy_comments (queried 2026-04-29),
  or added to complete the series, with GOLD literal forms as structured aliases.
  Alias `source` URLs cite the public GOLD portal because that field is access-restricted.
  This is the range of the `ploidy` slot, narrowing MIxS `ploidy` (MIXS:0000021) from
  free text.'
- 'PATO term requests needed before these can become permissible values: octoploid
  (eight homologous sets; PATO''s polyploidy ladder stops at hexaploid) and the allopolyploidy
  subtypes allotetraploid, allohexaploid, and segmental allotetraploid. All were observed
  in GOLD and are recorded here as narrow synonyms of `polyploid` / `allopolyploidy`
  until PATO classes exist. Tracked in https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/605.'
- 'Deliberately out of scope: dikaryon / dikaryotic / polykaryotic describe the number
  of nuclei per cell (a fungal life-cycle state), not chromosome-set ploidy, and have
  no PATO ploidy class; if needed they belong in a separate slot. Cytogenetic counts
  (e.g. 2n=38), bare integers, hedged phrases (e.g. "Likely haploid"), and free-text
  identifiers seen in the source field are left to this optional slot being unset
  rather than forced into a value.'
from_schema: https://w3id.org/nmdc/nmdc-schema-flattened
rank: 1000
permissible_values:
  haploid:
    text: haploid
    description: A single set of homologous chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001375
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Haploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 1n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 1N
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: haploide
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - French-language spelling observed in GOLD.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  diploid:
    text: diploid
    description: Two homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001394
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Diploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 2n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 2N
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 2x
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: Diploïde
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - French-language spelling observed in GOLD.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  triploid:
    text: triploid
    description: Three homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001381
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Triploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 3n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 3x
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  tetraploid:
    text: tetraploid
    description: Four homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001382
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Tetraploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: tetraploidy
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 4n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 4x
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  pentaploid:
    text: pentaploid
    description: Five homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001383
    notes:
    - Not observed in the 2026-04-29 GOLD snapshot; included so the triploid–hexaploid
      ladder is not arbitrarily gapped.
  hexaploid:
    text: hexaploid
    description: Six homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001384
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Hexaploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 6n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 6x
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  polyploid:
    text: polyploid
    description: More than two homologous sets of chromosomes; use a more specific
      value when the level is known.
    meaning: PATO:0001377
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: octoploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - Eight homologous sets; observed in GOLD (also as "octaploid", "octapolid").
        No PATO class exists, so it is recorded as a narrow synonym of polyploid pending
        a PATO term request.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: octaploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: octapolid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - Misspelling of octoploid retained as observed in GOLD.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  allopolyploidy:
    text: allopolyploidy
    description: Polyploid whose chromosome sets derive from two or more different
      species.
    meaning: PATO:0001379
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Allopolyploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: Allotetraploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - Allopolyploid at the tetraploid level; observed in GOLD (also "segmental allotetraploid").
        No PATO class exists, so it is recorded as a narrow synonym pending a PATO
        term request.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: segmental allotetraploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: allohexaploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - Allopolyploid at the hexaploid level; observed in GOLD. No PATO class exists,
        so it is recorded as a narrow synonym pending a PATO term request.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  autopolyploid:
    text: autopolyploid
    description: Polyploid whose chromosome sets derive from a single species.
    meaning: PATO:0001378
    notes:
    - Not observed in the 2026-04-29 GOLD snapshot; included as the origin-counterpart
      of `allopolyploidy`.
  aneuploid:
    text: aneuploid
    description: A chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid
      set (extra or missing chromosomes).
    meaning: PATO:0001385