Enum: PloidyEnum

The ploidy state of an organism's genome, drawn from the ploidy classes of the Phenotypic Quality Ontology (PATO).

URI: PloidyEnum

Permissible Values

Value	Meaning	Description
haploid	PATO:0001375	A single set of homologous chromosomes
diploid	PATO:0001394	Two homologous sets of chromosomes
triploid	PATO:0001381	Three homologous sets of chromosomes
tetraploid	PATO:0001382	Four homologous sets of chromosomes
pentaploid	PATO:0001383	Five homologous sets of chromosomes
hexaploid	PATO:0001384	Six homologous sets of chromosomes
polyploid	PATO:0001377	More than two homologous sets of chromosomes; use a more specific value when ...
allopolyploidy	PATO:0001379	Polyploid whose chromosome sets derive from two or more different species
autopolyploid	PATO:0001378	Polyploid whose chromosome sets derive from a single species
aneuploid	PATO:0001385	A chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid set (extra o...

Slots

Name	Description
ploidy	The ploidy level of the genome (e

Identifier and Mapping Information

Schema Source

• from schema: https://w3id.org/nmdc/nmdc

LinkML Source

name: PloidyEnum
description: The ploidy state of an organism's genome, drawn from the ploidy classes
  of the Phenotypic Quality Ontology (PATO).
notes:
- 'How this enum was built: each value is a PATO ploidy (PATO:0001374) subclass observed
  in the GOLD field dw_sample_taxonomy_info.ploidy_comments (queried 2026-04-29),
  or added to complete the series, with GOLD literal forms as structured aliases.
  Alias `source` URLs cite the public GOLD portal because that field is access-restricted.
  This is the range of the `ploidy` slot, narrowing MIxS `ploidy` (MIXS:0000021) from
  free text.'
- 'PATO term requests needed before these can become permissible values: octoploid
  (eight homologous sets; PATO''s polyploidy ladder stops at hexaploid) and the allopolyploidy
  subtypes allotetraploid, allohexaploid, and segmental allotetraploid. All were observed
  in GOLD and are recorded here as narrow synonyms of `polyploid` / `allopolyploidy`
  until PATO classes exist. Tracked in https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/605.'
- 'Deliberately out of scope: dikaryon / dikaryotic / polykaryotic describe the number
  of nuclei per cell (a fungal life-cycle state), not chromosome-set ploidy, and have
  no PATO ploidy class; if needed they belong in a separate slot. Cytogenetic counts
  (e.g. 2n=38), bare integers, hedged phrases (e.g. "Likely haploid"), and free-text
  identifiers seen in the source field are left to this optional slot being unset
  rather than forced into a value.'
from_schema: https://w3id.org/nmdc/nmdc
rank: 1000
permissible_values:
  haploid:
    text: haploid
    description: A single set of homologous chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001375
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Haploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 1n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 1N
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: haploide
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - French-language spelling observed in GOLD.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  diploid:
    text: diploid
    description: Two homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001394
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Diploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 2n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 2N
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 2x
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: Diploïde
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - French-language spelling observed in GOLD.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  triploid:
    text: triploid
    description: Three homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001381
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Triploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 3n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 3x
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  tetraploid:
    text: tetraploid
    description: Four homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001382
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Tetraploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: tetraploidy
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 4n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 4x
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  pentaploid:
    text: pentaploid
    description: Five homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001383
    notes:
    - Not observed in the 2026-04-29 GOLD snapshot; included so the triploid–hexaploid
      ladder is not arbitrarily gapped.
  hexaploid:
    text: hexaploid
    description: Six homologous sets of chromosomes.
    meaning: PATO:0001384
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Hexaploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 6n
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: 6x
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  polyploid:
    text: polyploid
    description: More than two homologous sets of chromosomes; use a more specific
      value when the level is known.
    meaning: PATO:0001377
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: octoploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - Eight homologous sets; observed in GOLD (also as "octaploid", "octapolid").
        No PATO class exists, so it is recorded as a narrow synonym of polyploid pending
        a PATO term request.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: octaploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: octapolid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - Misspelling of octoploid retained as observed in GOLD.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  allopolyploidy:
    text: allopolyploidy
    description: Polyploid whose chromosome sets derive from two or more different
      species.
    meaning: PATO:0001379
    structured_aliases:
    - literal_form: Allopolyploid
      predicate: EXACT_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: Allotetraploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - Allopolyploid at the tetraploid level; observed in GOLD (also "segmental allotetraploid").
        No PATO class exists, so it is recorded as a narrow synonym pending a PATO
        term request.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: segmental allotetraploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
    - literal_form: allohexaploid
      predicate: NARROW_SYNONYM
      notes:
      - Allopolyploid at the hexaploid level; observed in GOLD. No PATO class exists,
        so it is recorded as a narrow synonym pending a PATO term request.
      source: https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/
  autopolyploid:
    text: autopolyploid
    description: Polyploid whose chromosome sets derive from a single species.
    meaning: PATO:0001378
    notes:
    - Not observed in the 2026-04-29 GOLD snapshot; included as the origin-counterpart
      of `allopolyploidy`.
  aneuploid:
    text: aneuploid
    description: A chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid
      set (extra or missing chromosomes).
    meaning: PATO:0001385